why do cats eyes change colour

Cats' eyes can change color due to a variety of factors, including age, health, and lighting conditions. The most common reason for color changes in a cat's eyes is the development of melanin, the pigment responsible for eye color. Kittens are often born with blue eyes, which may darken or shift as they grow older. Additionally, certain health conditions or injuries can cause temporary or permanent changes in eye color.

Why are kittens born with blue eyes?
Kittens are typically born with blue eyes because their melanin production hasn't fully developed yet. Melanin is the pigment that gives color to the eyes, skin, and fur. In the first few weeks of life, a kitten's eyes lack sufficient melanin, resulting in a blue hue. As they grow, melanin production increases, and their eye color may change to green, yellow, amber, or brown, depending on genetics.

How does lighting affect a cat’s eye color?
Lighting can create the illusion of a cat's eyes changing color due to the way light reflects off the tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer behind the retina. This layer enhances night vision and can make a cat's eyes appear brighter or slightly different in dim or bright light. However, the actual pigment of the iris remains unchanged—it’s just the perception that shifts based on lighting conditions.

Can health issues cause eye color changes in cats?
Yes, certain health issues can lead to changes in a cat’s eye color. Conditions like uveitis (inflammation of the eye), glaucoma, or corneal damage may cause the eyes to appear cloudy or change hue. For example, a previously green eye might turn reddish or brownish due to internal bleeding or scarring. Sudden or unusual color changes should prompt a visit to the veterinarian for evaluation.

Do all cats’ eyes change color as they age?
Not all cats experience dramatic eye color changes as they age. While many kittens transition from blue to another shade, some retain blue eyes into adulthood, especially certain breeds like Siamese or Ragdoll cats. Senior cats may also develop a slight haziness in their eyes due to age-related conditions like nuclear sclerosis, but this is different from a true color change.

A cat’s eye color can change due to natural development, lighting effects, or health-related factors. While shifts in hue are normal during kittenhood, sudden or unusual changes in adult cats may indicate underlying issues. Observing these changes and consulting a vet when necessary ensures a cat’s eyes remain healthy and vibrant throughout its life.